Box Blur Algorithm – With Python implementation

Last Updated : 30 Dec, 2020

The pixels in an image are represented as integers. After blurring each pixel ‘x’ of the resulting image has a value equal to the average of the pixels surrounding ‘x’ including ‘x’. For example, consider a 3 * 3 image as $image = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1\\ 1 & 7 & 1\\ 1 & 1 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ Then, the resulting image after blur is blurred_image = $\begin{bmatrix} 1 \end{bmatrix}$ So, the pixel of blurred image is calculated as (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 7 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1) / 9 = 1.66666 = 1

Box Blur Algorithm –

Box blur is also known as box linear filter. Box blurs are frequently used to approximate Gaussian blur. A box blur is generally implemented as an image effect that affects the whole screen. The blurred colour of the current pixel is the average of the current pixel’s colour and its 8 neighbouring pixels.

Note: For each 3 * 3 pixel matrix there is one blurred pixel calculated as above.

FOr Example, Consider the below image. $image = \begin{bmatrix} 7 & 4 & 0 & 1\\ 5 & 6 & 2 & 2\\ 6 & 10 & 7 & 8\\ 1 & 4 & 2 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$ It’s blurred image is given below: $blurred\_image = \begin{bmatrix} 5 & 4\\ 4 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$ Explanation: There are four 3 * 3 matrix possible in the above image. So there are 4 blurred pixel in the resulting image. The four matrices are:

,

,

,
and

Implementation in Python:

def square_matrix(square): 
    """ This function will calculate the value x  
       (i.e. blurred pixel value) for each 3 * 3 blur image. 
    """
    tot_sum = 0
      
    # Calculate sum of all the pixels in 3 * 3 matrix 
    for i in range(3): 
        for j in range(3): 
            tot_sum += square[i][j] 
              
    return tot_sum // 9     # return the average of the sum of pixels 
  
def boxBlur(image): 
    """ 
    This function will calculate the blurred  
    image for given n * n image.  
    """
    square = []     # This will store the 3 * 3 matrix  
                 # which will be used to find its blurred pixel 
                   
    square_row = [] # This will store one row of a 3 * 3 matrix and  
                    # will be appended in square 
                      
    blur_row = []   # Here we will store the resulting blurred 
                    # pixels possible in one row  
                    # and will append this in the blur_img 
      
    blur_img = [] # This is the resulting blurred image 
      
    # number of rows in the given image 
    n_rows = len(image)  
      
    # number of columns in the given image 
    n_col = len(image[0])  
      
    # rp is row pointer and cp is column pointer 
    rp, cp = 0, 0 
      
    # This while loop will be used to  
    # calculate all the blurred pixel in the first row  
    while rp <= n_rows - 3:  
        while cp <= n_col-3: 
              
            for i in range(rp, rp + 3): 
                  
                for j in range(cp, cp + 3): 
                      
                    # append all the pixels in a row of 3 * 3 matrix 
                    square_row.append(image[i][j]) 
                      
                # append the row in the square i.e. 3 * 3 matrix  
                square.append(square_row) 
                square_row = [] 
              
            # calculate the blurred pixel for given 3 * 3 matrix  
            # i.e. square and append it in blur_row 
            blur_row.append(square_matrix(square)) 
            square = [] 
              
            # increase the column pointer 
            cp = cp + 1
          
        # append the blur_row in blur_image 
        blur_img.append(blur_row) 
        blur_row = [] 
        rp = rp + 1 # increase row pointer 
        cp = 0 # start column pointer from 0 again 
      
    # Return the resulting pixel matrix 
    return blur_img 
  
# Driver code 
image = [[7, 4, 0, 1],  
        [5, 6, 2, 2],  
        [6, 10, 7, 8],  
        [1, 4, 2, 0]] 
          
print(boxBlur(image)) 

Output:

[[5, 4], 
[4, 4]]

Test case 2:

image = [[36, 0, 18, 9],  
         [27, 54, 9, 0],  
         [81, 63, 72, 45]] 
  
print(boxBlur(image)) 

Output:

[[40, 30]]

Further Read: Box Blur using PIL library | Python

mkumarchaudhary06

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Box Blur Algorithm – With Python implementation

Box Blur Algorithm –

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